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Black Chronology
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1861 The Civil War begins between the
North and South. Many slaves flee to the
South Carolina
Sea Islands. There Charlotte Forten Grimke teaches freedmen how to read and write
1863 President Abraham Lincoln signs the
Emancipation Proclamation granting freedom
to all slaves.
1864 Rebecca Cole and Rebecca Lee are
the first two African-American women In
the United States to receive medical degrees.
1865
The Civil War ends. African Americans begin
to exercise their voting rights and to
function
as citizens in American society as Black Reconstruction begins. Fannie Jackson
Coppin
starts teaching at the Institute for Colored Youth (now called Cheyney University)
In Philadelphia.
1872 In the mid- 19th century, African
Americans start to win recognition as
lawyers. Charlotte E.
Ray becomes the first black woman to receive a law degree in the United States.
1891 Ida B. Wells starts her lifelong
antilynclung campaign by establishing her
own newspaper,
the Memphis Free Speech, to draw attention to the brutal lynch mob murders of
black Americans.
1896 Mary Church Terrell is elected president
of the National Association of Colored
Women.
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds legal segregation.
1896 Mary Eliza Mahoney Is the first African-American
woman to graduate from a professional
white nursing school.
1903 Maggie Lena Walker establishes the
St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, which becomes
the St.Luke Bank and Trust Company. She becomes
America's first woman bank president.
1904 After teaching at Haines Institute
(founded by Lucy Craft Laney), Mary McLeod
Bethune
establishes a school now known as Bethune-Cookman
College.
1909 Nattonal Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) is formed. Ida
B.
Wells and Mary Terrell are founding members.
1910 Madame C.J. Walker opens her own
beauty care factory. She goes on to become
America's first black millionaire, a philanthropist,
and supporter of black artists in Harlem.
The first case of sickle-cell anemia is
identified in the United States.
1911The Universal Kegro Improvement Association
(OTHA) is formed by Marcus Garvey.Garvey
forms and popularizes the "Back to
Africa" movement.
1914
World War I begins. Almost 400,000 African-American men serve in the armed forces,
mostly In service units. The 92nd and 33rd all-black infantry divisions, however,
prove to be outstanding fighting forces.
1915
The great migration of African Americans
from the rural South to the cities of the
industrial
North is underway. New York City's Harlem
becomes a key urban center in the Northeast.
Birth of a Nation, a blatantly racist film,
is released across the country to a storm
of protest
by the NAACP and the black community. The
humiliating images of African Americans
are
propaganda, but are accepted by many as
real. Violence against blacks increases
as a result
of this film.
1920 The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution
guarantees women the right to vote.
The Harlem Rennaissance is at its height.
Writers such as Zora Neale Hurston. Arna
Bontemps. Jessie Fauset, Claude McKay,
Jean Toomer, and Langston Hughes produce
some of their greatest works during this
period.
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Black
History | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Famous Black Celebrities | Famous
Black Pastors | Popular Black
In History
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